Infectious diseases are caused by disease-causing germs such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi. They spread very quickly in the community through contacts, contaminated air and water, and are hence known as <<Communicable diseases>>. The spread of these diseases is due to either direct physical contact with an infected person or indirect transmission through airborne droplets, contaminated surfaces, and water.
When we breathe, a variety of disease-causing bacteria and viruses are carried into our mouths, noses, throats, and respiratory tracts. Infectious diseases such as leprosy, tuberculosis, and influenza spread through coughing, sneezing, and spitting in public places, as well as through contact with unwashed hands.
Advancements in medical science have given researchers a greater understanding, enabling them to develop new medicines to fight a variety of infections. However, the bug is becoming smarter than the man, and new challenges are emerging in the fight against infections. There are simple measures that can help to stop the spread of the infectious disease. Cleanliness, improved personal and public hygiene, improved sanitation, food safety and water quality are basic requirements. Littering on the streets, spitting, and open garbage bins are all food for the infectious organisms to grow.
Public awareness about disease control through cleanliness and hygiene is very important, and it is the responsibility of every citizen to participate in this mission and change from bad habits and practices that continue to contaminate the environment and spread diseases. Washing hands before every meal and intermittently is a good personal habit that can help keep infections at bay.
Vaccination programmes have been a boon to mankind. It has reduced and also eradicated very dangerous contagious diseases. More about vaccines and vaccination strategies in the forthcoming blogs.
Warm regards
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